Porto

Portugal

With a maximum depth of 21m and 8m on top, this is the perfect place to dive and appreciate local marine life that usually lives in this kind of environment.

It starts from the seaside, with thin broad stones on the seabed at 21m, and gradually falls to 8m. Then, on landside, it goes straight to the bottom, forming a wall.

The diver can submerge certain that he will find a place full of marine life, from the coloured anemones to sponges, from the crustaceans to the molluscs and many varieties of fish that surround these rocks.

Beside marine life, this site also offers some natural attractions, such as walls and canyons 4m high where divers can swim through and enjoy the amazing life that grows everywhere in this unique dive site.

For these and others attractions, "Pelo Negro" is one of the best and most visited rock dives.

Excellent for any diver and very good for night diving.

Source: www.submania.pt
(Reproduced with permission of the author)

A group of rocks located out of Leca da Palmeira beach.

Leça da Palmeira

Pelo negro

Portuguese cargo ship, launched in 1949. She was owned by Carregadores Açorianos Navigation Company and displaced 2.592 tons.

This ship sank during a severe sea storm near Leixão Grande rock on the 20th of May 1955.

The sea claimed the ship and broke her apart. Nowadays divers can find the ship's boiler and metal debris on the sea bottom.

Due to the location of the wreck, diving is only possible when the sea is flat due to the risk of divers been throwned onto the rocks and pier by waves.

She rests at 12m and, as all wrecks, has her share of marine life.

Source: www.submania.pt
(Reproduced with permission of the author)

Vila do Porto is located just out of Leixões

Vila do Porto

"Olo" is a rock dive located out of Leixões. It is 21m at the deepest point and 9m at the shallowest.

This rock is full of marine life, such as anemones, sponges, crustacea and molluscs. Divers can also find some rock fish.

A few metres from the rock lies a wooden fishing vessel named "Marsub". In the past "Marsub" was used as a diving boat, the only diving boat available for those who want to dive in these waters. Due to her short distance from the rock, divers have plenty of time to visit both rock and wreck.

Ideal for beginners and good for night diving.

Source: www.submania.pt
(Reproduced with permission of the author)

Olo is a rock dive located out of Leixões

"Charneca" was a tugboat owned by Lisnave.

She was sailing from Lisbon to give assistance to a cargo ship, but did not make it and decided to try to find harbour in Leixões where she arrived with many technical problems in the middle of a large and violent sea storm. The tug was throwing against the harbour water break by the strength of the waves, where her hull was holed and she sank on February 16th, 1986.

Only one member of her crew survived. They were 4.

The wreck lays in 14m of water on a sandy bottom. She is straight, pointing south, with her wheel house completely broken, reminding us of the fury of the sea that day.

Her portside is slightly silted and in her midships, on her starboard side, divers can find the hole in the hull caused by the impact against the water break.

There are many lines and cables loose inside the wreck, so care must be observed on entering. Outside the wreck, it's usual to see the existence of fishing lines and nets, which are a danger to divers due to bad visibility on the site.

Due to her location, divers must also be aware of maritime traffic.

Source: www.submania.pt
(Reproduced with permission of the author)

Just at the end of Quebra Mar (The wreck is S of the submerged breakwater reef).

Charneca

British packet-boat, built in 1906, displacing 7.063 tons and owned by the Lamport & Holt Line.

She sailed from Liverpool, stopped in Vigo (Spain) and sank near Boa Nova beach, at 5am on the 16th January 1913, due to a strong storm. 232 persons were onboard, Captained by Charles Turner.

Several lifeguards rescue boats and tugs helped the rescue and managed to save 103 lives.

Fire fighters from Matosinhos Leça Corporation joined the rescue, which lasted for 3 days and 2 nights. 89 passengers and crew were saved through a cable line. Among them was the ship's captain.

40 people lost their lives in this tragedy.

The sea claimed the ship, broke her apart and nowadays divers can find her on the sea floor with some metal debris at a maximum depth of 10m.

Marine life is quite good and it's a good dive for beginners.

Source: www.submania.pt
(Reproduced with permission of the author)

1.8 n. miles N from Porto de Leixoes (near the radio landmark).

Veronese

<b>This ship do not exist any more!</b>

Jakob Maersk was a Danish oil tanker built in 1966 and owned by Maerskline Navigation Company.

On January 29th 1975 at around 1pm, when on manoeuvres to moor on tanker terminal A at Leixões harbour, she suffered a huge explosion followed by an intense fire and other explosions.

She was 261.81m long and displaced 48.262 tons. Her 32 crew was made up of both men and women. 26 were saved, of which 4 were severely burned, 5 were missing and 1 drowned. The 5 missing crew members were machine engineers.

The tug "Monte da Luz" sailed close to the burning tanker and saved 17 crew members and the two port pilots.

The ship carried 88.000 tons of oil from Gulf Persic to Leixões, most of which was consumed by the fire. The fire lasted 3 days. The flames reached 50m and the smoke reached 750m.

Until 1996, this accident was in 12th place on the list of the biggest oil leaks worldwide.

The cause was, as always, human error. The ship broke in two. The stern sank near the entrance of the harbour and the bow was dragged by the sea to the shore at the Castelo do Queijo where she stayed for a number of years.

The highest and biggest part of the stern section that sank was later removed because she was a danger to other vessels entering and leaving Leixões harbour. Nowadays divers can find some burned metal sheets and oil tubes on a sandy seabed between 12 and 15m deep. It's possible to find loose lines and fishing nets near the wreck.

Source: www.submania.pt
(Reproduced with permission of the author)

<b>This ship do not exist any more!</b>
Just SE from Porto de Leixoes (0.35 n. miles).

Jakob Maersk -REMOVED-

The U1277 was built in the Bremer Vulcan shipyard in Bremen - Vegesack, commissioned on the 3rd May 1944 and launched May 18th of the same year. Her command was delivered to Captain-Lieutenant Peter-Ehrenreich Stever.

She belongs to VIIC class and was, originally, 67m (221ft) long, 6.20m (20ft) high and 4.74m (15ft) waterline beam. Two of her four engines (two diesel and two electric engines) that generated a power of 3200hp with a maximum speed of 17.6 knots on surface and 750hp with maximum speed of 7.6 knots when submerged. 

She displaced 769 tons on the surface and 871 when submerged. The sub had a range of 8500 miles at 10 knots on surface, 130 miles at 2 knots submerged, 3250 miles at 17 knots on surface and 80 miles at 4 knots submerged. She could submerge to a maximum depth of between 150m (495ft) and 180m (594ft) with a minimum crash-dive time between 25 and 30 seconds and she had the capacity to store 113.5 tons of fuel.

The sub was fitted with four torpedo launch tubes on the bow, two on starboard and two on portside, and a fifth on the stern (all 533mm), carrying a total of 14 torpedoes. She also had anti-aircraft guns installed on the conning tower. These guns were 37mm automatic cannon and two twin 20mm machine guns.

This submarine was integrated into the 8th flotilla, where she worked first as an experimental and instruction ship. On February 1945, because of the few remaining U-boats still active, she was transferred to Bergen (Norway), home of the 11th flotilla. This sub was now a front boat. Her first and only patrol was to sail across the Iceland Strait into the Atlantic and position herself on the entrance of the English Channel. The U1277 left port on April 22nd 1945.

The crew was composed by 45 men, four of which were officials - The Commandant (Peter-Ehrenreich Stever), the First Subordinate officer (Johannes Malwitz), Second Subordinate officer (Carl Hermann Stachow) and the machine officer (Ernst Engel) - four sergeants and the remaining crew were sailors. The age of the crew of the U1277 averaged between 18 and 27.

The U-boat was scuttled on the dawn of June 4th 1945 out of Cabo do Mundo, near Oporto, by order of her Commander, Captain-Lieutenant Stever, after sailing without course through the Atlantic for a period of one month (the Armistice was signed on the 8th of May 1945, one year after her launch into the water and almost one month before she was sunk).

In October 1973 a group of sport divers and local fishermen went out to sea to find out the cause taking hold of all their fishing nets. It was with some luck and happiness that they found that the obstacle was the famous German submarine that sank on our coast at the end of the World War II. The sub rests since 1945 at 31m (102ft) on a sandy seabed, with the stern completely silted up and lain about 45 degrees on her portside. Althought the bow is missing, the four torpedoes launch tubes and the conning tower where all anti-aircraft guns were mounted is still visible.

The hull is dressed with little white anemones (Sargatia elegans), thousands of types of small fish and the largest conger eels that can be found in these waters. Also huge octopuses and the amazing colony of pink anemones descending from the North Sea may be found here. These are some of the natural attraction of this wreck. On the conning tower, divers can only see the hard hull, made with 22mm solder rigid sheet metal, the periscope and the open hatchway.

Even in this state of deterioration, the U1277 is still clearly one of the best and more interesting wreck dive sites of Portugal and the best in the north of our country.

Source: www.submania.pt
(Reproduced with permission of the author)

3N.  miles NW from Porto de Leixoes.

U1277

Brazilian packet-boat built in 1913, owned by Lloyd Brasileiro Navigation Company.

On July 31st 1934, around 5.00pm, this ship was sailing to Leixões harbour when a dense fog made her turn course and run aground 200m of Marreco beach.

"Ruy Barbosa" was homeward bound from Hamburg and Antwerp where near 100 German Jews went onboard heading to Brazil. These persons were one of the first refugees to escape from Nazi Germany. Her crew was composed by 125 members. There was no casualties due the sea was flat.

She had in her cargo hull around 2000 tons of goods, of which most was recover. She was 11.780 tons gross and 149m long. This ship had capacity for 650 persons.

The sea claimed the ship and broke her apart. Nowadays divers can find the ship's boilers, the anchor and some metal debris on the sea bottom, at a maximum depth of 12m.

Like all wrecks in this area, this site is full of marine life.

Source: www.submania.pt
(Reproduced with permission of the author)

4 nautical miles N from Leixões.

Ruy Barbosa

This is a rock dive. "Rodelha" is one of many underwater rocks located out of Lavra village. This rock looks like a cork with a 19m maximum depth and 5m as minimum.

The diver can find here the usual marine life of this kind of environments, such as anemones, molluscs, crustacea and a variety of fish.

Good for novice divers.

Source: www.submania.pt
(Reproduced with permission of the author)

Out of Lavra village

Rodelha

This is a rock dive. "Prego" is one of many underwater rocks located out of Lavra village.

With a maximum depth of 21m and a lower of 12m, this rock was baptized as "Prego" because of a crack that looks like a nail. "Prego" is the Portuguese word for nail. It's a nice dive where the diver can enjoy the anemone carpets, huge mussels the size of ones hand, sea bass and sea bream.

This site is also dived for spear fishing as the crack is a good hide for adult sea bass and sea bream.

There is a crucifix on the bottom of this rock in memory of a diver who lost his life while free diving.

Any diver can enjoy this excellent dive.

Source: www.submania.pt
(Reproduced with permission of the author)

One of many underwater rocks located out of Lavra village.

Prego

The history of this wreck is unknown. We know that she is quite old, built of wood, but what kind of ship, where she came from and her destination is still a mystery.

"Navio do Norte" is the name given by local fishermen to this wreck, located north of Angeiras village. It means "northern ship".

From this vessel rests her cargo, or part of it, composed of iron cannons, bullets, wheels and other iron debris. It's still possible to see some pieces of wood that belongs to the main structure of the ship that have remained well preserved under the sand.

This wreck rests in open sea, on a sandy bottom at 34m. Marine life on this site is amazing, with lots of small fish, lobsters, conger eels and amazing octopuses. There are lost lines and fishing nets on the wreck.

We believe that this wreck is part of the steam-boat Tiber, owned by British company P&O Line.

Tiber was an iron paddle steamer of 763 tons. This vessel was laid down on August 8th, 1846, and arrived in Southampton on October 26th from builders, Caird & Co in Greenock. She was originally to have been named "Ceylon", and ran P&O's Peninsular, Italian and Black Sea routes. Tiber was 56.29m long, 8.15m broad and 5.26m deep. She had 280hp engines, a speed of 9 knots and a bunker capacity of 225 tons. This steamer cost £28.600 and was insured for £20.000.

On 21st February 1847, early in the afternoon, Tiber sank out of Vila Cha when she was homeward bound from Gibraltar. Her captain was Mr Bingham.

The cause of her sinking is still inconclusive.

In Portugal we found documents that say that this ship sank due to a severe sea storm and despites the efforts of local fishermen to help with the rescue of both passengers and crew, around 30 people died in this tragedy.

In other researche, we found out that the ship was sailing in dense fog, hit a rock and sank in deep water within minutes with no casualties to report.

Her cargo and mail sank with the ship and were lost. Among the cargo was a load of gold coins destined for the royal treasury.

Source: www.submania.pt
(Reproduced with permission of the author)



Pelo negro

Snorkeling and Scuba Diving at Pelo negro